Many types of networking devices.

Networking is not possible without the physical and virtual elements that make up network infrastructure.

The design of a network is influenced by factors like size, topology of the network work load, workloads, and business requirements, among others. A network for business could, for instance, require hundreds, or even thousands of different network equipment to build and maintain its data centre as well as LAN and the WAN. A simple home network is, however could only have two components.

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Repeater

A repeater amplifies signals and then sends it back to the intended destination. Repeaters are typically used to mitigate signals attenuation, reduce interference, and increase the range of signals. They are usually used in wireless networks. However, they can also be used using fiber optics, phones and TV transmissions in addition to other functions.

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Bridge

A bridge that connects multiple local area networks (LANs) and thereby consolidating them into one domain. In this way it differs from a router that allows connections between different networks, but is treated as separate systems.

A bridge joins the partitioned network elements and handles the flow of data between them. A transparent bridge connects networks using the same protocol while a translation bridge joins two LANs that use different protocols.

Bridges are not often used in network systems for business and are generally replaced by switches.

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Access Point

A access point (AP) is a piece of equipment that wirelessly transmits and receives information using radio frequencies in the 2.4 5 GHz or 2.4 GHz bands. Clients, including cellphones or computers, connect to the WiFi Network that the AP has created through a connection to the AP by using the wireless signal. In a wired network, an AP connects physically to the switch or router by and Ethernet cable, providing it with internet connectivity and access to other network services.

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Switch

A network switch transfers data to the destination of its choice by analysing the MAC address of an inbound frame before sending it to the device with the address that is matched.

Devices usually connect to switch’s ports using the Ethernet wire. The switch stores all MAC addresses of equipment in an addresses table is used as a reference when it transfers frames. A router transmits information to an address on the network or IP however, a switch transmits data directly to a specific target port.

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Gateway

A gateway is a network node which connects two different networks or systems using different protocols that allow data to move between them. Gateways use a variety of protocols to alter the contents and protocols of incoming data packets to ensure that it is compatible to the specific environment in which it is intended to be. Once the packet is processed the gateway usually sends it to a router that then forwards the data packet to the desired destination on the network.

Modem

The main function of a modem serves to demodulate or modulate or transform signals across devices, like analog to digital. An internet modem, that gets signals through the ISP and converts them into an format that devices connected to it will employ, such as digital or radio signals, is the most popular type of modem in use today.

Hub

Hubs are essentially an appliance that connects many devices that are connected to one local area network (LAN). Laptops, desktop computers and printer, for instance can all be connected to hub’s ports using Ethernet cables and become members of the network. Hubs, unlike bridge or router sends information from one port the other ports, without checking the frames or decomposing messages to the appropriate destination.